Thread tension in a sewing machine is key to achieving balanced and professional-looking stitches. It controls how tightly the upper and lower threads interlock in the fabric. If your tension is too tight or too loose, it can cause a range of problems like puckered fabric, loose loops, or even thread breakage.
Key Points About Thread Tension:
Balanced Tension: The goal is to have equal pull between the top thread (from the spool) and the bobbin thread. Ideally, the threads should meet in the middle of the fabric layers, creating a smooth, even stitch on both sides.
Symptoms of Incorrect Tension:
Too Tight: If the upper thread tension is too tight, the fabric may pucker, and you’ll see the bobbin thread on the top of your fabric.
Too Loose: If the upper thread tension is too loose, the stitches might look sloppy, and the top thread could show underneath.
How to Adjust Thread Tension:
Top Thread Tension: Adjust using the tension dial, typically located on the machine's upper front. Lower numbers loosen the tension; higher numbers tighten it.
Bobbin Thread Tension: Adjusting the bobbin tension is less common but sometimes necessary. It usually involves a small screw on the bobbin case. Be careful with adjustments here since it's more delicate.
Test on Scrap Fabric: Always test your tension on a piece of scrap fabric similar to what you’ll be working with, adjusting as necessary to get a balanced stitch.
Different Fabrics & Threads: Different materials and threads may require different tension settings. For example, heavy fabrics like denim may need tighter tension than light fabrics like silk or chiffon. Similarly, if you’re using thicker or specialty threads, you may need to tweak the tension.
Mastering tension is a balance of practice and feel—adjusting according to the fabric, thread, and stitch type you're using. It’s one of those sewing skills that can make a big difference in the quality of your work!
Check out this five-minute video with the Sew Show with Shae discussing thread tension, most common problems, and a solution.
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